What term describes the decrease in amplitude, intensity, and power of a sound wave?

The decrease in amplitude, intensity, and power of a sound wave is referred to as attenuation. This phenomenon occurs as sound waves propagate through a medium, and it is caused by various factors including absorption, scattering, and reflection of the wave energy.

As sound travels, some of its energy is absorbed by the medium it is passing through, resulting in a reduction of the wave's power and intensity. Additionally, scattering can result from inhomogeneities within the medium, causing the sound to disperse in various directions and further diminishing its amplitude. Attenuation is a critical concept in sonography since it influences image quality and the ability to penetrate tissues, making an understanding of this term essential for effective imaging and interpretation of ultrasound data.