What type of wave is characterized by compression and rarefaction?

The type of wave that is characterized by compression and rarefaction is a longitudinal wave. In this type of wave, the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave propagation. As the wave travels, regions of higher pressure (compressions) and lower pressure (rarefactions) alternately occur.

For example, in sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, air molecules are pushed together in compressions and spread apart in rarefactions as the wave passes through. This behavior is fundamental in understanding how sound travels through various media, including gases, liquids, and solids.

In contrast, transverse waves, such as those seen in water waves or waves on a string, involve particle motion that is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. Surface waves exhibit characteristics of both transverse and longitudinal waves, while electromagnetic waves propagate through oscillating electric and magnetic fields and do not require a medium for transmission.